*UPDATE PENDING*
SPINOSAURUS AEGYPTIACUS - INFO
TIME
Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian - Turonian
LOCATION
For Neotype:
Morocco
Kem Kem beds
Measurements for this taxa (cm)
NEOTYPE :
Skull (EST)
Maximum skull length: ~126 cm
Maximum skull height ( QUAD -> PAR): 45.5 cm
Body
Maximum length (along centra): 1056 cm (10.56 m)
Maximum length (along the curves of silhouette): 1284 cm (12.84 m)
ABOUT SPINOSAURUS
Spinosaurus was perhaps the longest known theropod to have lived, hailing from Egypt, Morocco, and other North African countries. Spinosaurus spent much of its time around water.
References
Skull
Arden, T.M., Klein, C.G., Zouhri, S. and Longrich, N.R., 2019. Aquatic adaptation in the skull of carnivorous dinosaurs (Theropoda: Spinosauridae) and the evolution of aquatic habits in spinosaurids. Cretaceous Research, 93, pp.275-284.
Hendrickx, C., Mateus, O. and Buffetaut, E., 2016. Morphofunctional analysis of the quadrate of Spinosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) and the presence of Spinosaurus and a second spinosaurine taxon in the Cenomanian of North Africa. PLoS One, 11(1), p.e0144695.
Sasso, C.D., Maganuco, S., Buffetaut, E. and Mendez, M.A., 2005. New information on the skull of the enigmatic theropod Spinosaurus, with remarks on its size and affinities. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 25(4), pp.888-896.
Schade, M., Rauhut, O.W., Foth, C., Moleman, O. and Evers, S.W., 2023. A reappraisal of the cranial and mandibular osteology of the spinosaurid Irritator challengeri (Dinosauria: Theropoda).
Stromer, E., 1915. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. Wirbeltier-Reste der Baharîje-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 3. Das Original des Theropoden Spinosaurus aegyptiacus nov. gen. spec. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-physikalische Klasse, 28(3), pp.1-32.
Postcrania
Allain, R., Xaisanavong, T., Richir, P. and Khentavong, B., 2012. The first definitive Asian spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the early cretaceous of Laos. Naturwissenschaften, 99, pp.369-377.
Evers, S.W., Rauhut, O.W., Milner, A.C., McFeeters, B. and Allain, R., 2015. A reappraisal of the morphology and systematic position of the theropod dinosaur Sigilmassasaurus from the “middle” Cretaceous of Morocco. PeerJ, 3, p.e1323.
Ibrahim, N., Maganuco, S., Dal Sasso, C., Fabbri, M., Auditore, M., Bindellini, G., Martill, D.M., Zouhri, S., Mattarelli, D.A., Unwin, D.M. and Wiemann, J., 2020. Tail-propelled aquatic locomotion in a theropod dinosaur. Nature, 581(7806), pp.67-70.
Ibrahim, N., Sereno, P.C., Dal Sasso, C., Maganuco, S., Fabbri, M., Martill, D.M., Zouhri, S., Myhrvold, N. and Iurino, D.A., 2014. Semiaquatic adaptations in a giant predatory dinosaur. Science, 345(6204), pp.1613-1616.
Sereno, P.C., Myhrvold, N., Henderson, D.M., Fish, F.E., Vidal, D., Baumgart, S.L., Keillor, T.M., Formoso, K.K. and Conroy, L.L., 2022. Spinosaurus is not an aquatic dinosaur. Elife, 11, p.e80092.
Stromer, E., 1915. Ergebnisse der Forschungsreisen Prof. E. Stromers in den Wüsten Ägyptens. Wirbeltier-Reste der Baharîje-Stufe (unterstes Cenoman). 3. Das Original des Theropoden Spinosaurus aegyptiacus nov. gen. spec. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-physikalische Klasse, 28(3), pp.1-32.
